Voss Essay Example

Voss Essay VOSS Bottled Water Voss Inc. is a company established in 1999 which bottles and distributes Artesan water. The source of this water is a pristine aquifer in South Norway. It is packaged in a uniquely designed and patented cylindrical shaped glass bottle and sold at a premium price. Some of the Hollywood actors and celebrities have been spotted using this premium bottled water. Its close competitors are Fiji and Perrier who offer pure water at a premium price. Differentiation Based Strategy The founders of Voss, Christian Sandberg and Chris Harlem, recognized enormous potential for ultra premium bottled water from Norway after doing an extensive around the world research. Artesan water is the most purest form of water available and thus used as a unique value proposition to target the ultra premium segment. Differentiation point 1 : Purest Water It is recognised as the purest form of water by FDA and has recorded the lowest TDS of any bottled water ever tested by FDA. So, in a way it is a unctional product that is uniquely different from any other product in the market. Differentiation point 2 : Unique and patented packaging – Luxury Image According to a study, in the ultra premium bottled water segment, when people buy water it is for image and not just water. Voss roped in Calvin Klein’s former creative director Neil Kraft to design the packaging. He came out with a sleek cylindrically designed glass bottle when everybody else was offering plastic bottle s in traditional bottle shapes. The design was later patented by Voss. We will write a custom essay sample on Voss specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Voss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Voss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Voss, through its product offering, provides a unique value (purest water and image of Luxury /Exclusivity) which other competitors were not able to offer in the ultra premium segment. Value Creation and Delivery (Mechanisms) Value 1 Product offering : Purest water drawn from Artesan well in pristine South Norway. No human intervention. The water is drawn from an aquifer by pressurizing the impermeable layer of rock and ice without the use of mechanical pumps. Product Quality and consistency is unquestionable since no mechanical/manual process is required to purify water. Customer is always certain to get purest water when they buy VOSS. Value 2 – Luxury Image/Exclusivity : It is a market driving product. The strategy is to create exclusivity and associate luxury with the product. This is achieved by aligning all the marketing processes in a way that this value of luxury and exclusivity is delivered effectively. Price – Ultra premium pricing helps in targeting the right segment i. e. rich and affluent (exclusivity). Patented Designer Glass bottle – Unique packaging gives it an edge over others and helps in positioning and targeting the ultra premium segment Controlled Supply Sold almost exclusively through high-end hotels, restaurants, clubs and speciality stores (VOSS Red PET bottle). Voss‘s exclusivity is derived from the fact that Voss is served on the tables of the finest restaurant and lounges in the rooms of the most luxurious hotels and beachside at the trendiest resorts around the world. Voss is not available at retail outlets like 7-11 or corner convenience stores. Promotions – No discounts or giveaways to maintain its brand image of luxury. Advertisements Heavily relies on PR activities and viral promotion which further reinforces its positioning of unique brand. It does not engage in run of the mill advertising like other water companies and stays away from the crowd. Associations with Ultra premium brand ambassadors like Madonna, George Clooney, Lindsay Lohan are used as promotional activities. The product offering as well as the aura of exclusivity/luxury gives customer a feeling of pride to consume Voss water and pay a premium price for the same. Key Resources that create value Source of Water : The source of water in Norway is a unique and sustainable resource in itself. Target Segment : Targeting the ultra premium segment is a key to the strategy as the product has most value to this segment. The competition in this segment is not as intense as it is in the bigger mass market. This means less investment in promotions / discounts / advertisements. This is a sustainable strategy as this segment will always value a quality product that gives them image value as well. Distribution Channels : Controlled distribution follows from its strategy of targeting. By availing its product in upscale restaurant / bars / peciality stores gives them advantages as under: 1. Signals that it is not part of the crowd (mass market) 2. Developing strong relationship with the premium restaurants and bars 3. Helps in controlling the price Bottle design: They have a first mover advantage in introducing a patented designer bottle in the market. This is patented and hence cannot be copied. Advertisement/promotions/brand associations: No TV advt. and no discounts. Brand associat ions and viral campiagns are a very important part of the strategy and that is the only promotion method that VOSS uses. Run of the mill advt. will put in the same league as other bottled waters in the market. Strategic Alignment: It is critical to note that the strategic alignment of all elements of strategy is what makes the marketing strategy of VOSS extremely successful. The strategy driven by differentiation (purest water and associating it with image – great design) is ably support by targeting/segmentation of premium segment. This combined with premium pricing and controlled supply helps in positioning. This then followed up with appropriate promotional strategy makes their mkt strategy work. This alignment gives them a distinct advantage which is sustainable and difficult to copy. As rightly pointed out in Business strategy, the competitive advantage emanates from management of the core resources of the firm and VOSS seems to be doing it pretty well. Opportunities and Challenges Growth is one of the biggest challenge for VOSS as the ultra premium segment is not a very fast growing segment. Some options for growth are :- Expand internationally in Emerging markets : The ultra rich segment is growing very rapidly in emerging economies like India and China. It may be a good opportunity for VOSS to enter these markets. Though there are challenges of imitation and localisation. Also, will that mean that it will affect its brand as may be people may start doubting its exclusivity? Enter the lower end of market : This is a tricky one. This is the fastest growing and biggest segment of the market. However, capturing this means going against its core segment and strategy. Though it may choose to develop its separate brand (VOSS Red) and push it in the Retail channel. However, before doing that it has to do a proper study and research on whether this will impact its premium brand (VOSS silver) or not. Flavoured Water : This is another option where it can do product enhancements and enter the flavoured water market. However, this may put it in the same league as other flavoured waters (no differentiation point-cannot claim it as purest flavoured water) Whatever is done, one thing is for sure that it is very difficult for VOSS to deviate from its core strategy of superior product offering which right now sets it apart.

ACT Prep †Practice Tests, Study Guides, and Critical Info

ACT Prep - Practice Tests, Study Guides, and Critical Info SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips PrepScholar helps you prepare for the ACT by giving you free ACT resources. Browse through our comprehensive list of real, official ACT practice tests. Find out ACT general info, section strategies, section content, and other resources. To read our free blog resources, you don't need to register or create an account - you can get started today! PrepScholarhasa multitude of resources to help students. While we do have a paid Online Prep course, we also offer a stunning range of materials available for free on our blog right here. Think of this page as a flexible index of sorts that categorizes ACT Prep material for you! General ACT Info ACT Test DatesIntro to the ACTLast Minute ACT StrategiesWhat's a Good ACT Score? ACT Practice Tests ACT Practice Tests: Free and PrintableFree Older Official ACTPracticeHigh-Quality Alternatives to ACT Practice TestsHow to Get the Most Out of ACT Practice Tests ACT Math Getting StartedOverall GuideTargetinga 36StrategiesFormula StrategiesGuessing StrategiesPlugging in Numbers StrategiesQuestion Order Strategies ContentAlgebraic FunctionsAlgebraic OperationsCirclesConic SectionsCoordinate GeometryInequalitiesPolynomialsProbabilitiesSequencesStatistics ACT English Getting StartedOverall GuideTargeting a 36 StrategiesGeneral StrategiesGeneral Tips ContentAdd/Delete QuestionsAdjectives vs AdverbsFaulty ModifiersFormalityGrammar RulesIdiomsParallel StructureParts of SpeechPronoun AgreementPronoun CasePunctuationRelevance QuestionsRun-On Sentences and FragmentsSubject Verb AgreementTransition QuestionsVerb Tenses and FormsWord Choice and DictionWordiness and Redundancy ACT Reading Getting StartedOverall GuideTargeting a 36 Strategies and ContentApproaching ACT ReadingClassification / Question TypesHow to Stay FocusedInference QuestionsPaired PassagesTime Strategies ACT Science Getting StartedOverall ACT Science Guide Targeting a 36 StrategiesTime ManagementTop StrategiesWhyScience Is Really About Reading ContentCalculating QuestionsConflicting ViewpointsExperimental Design QuestionFactual QuestionsInterpreting ExperimentsInterpreting TrendsPassage Types ACT Writing Getting StartedOverall GuideTargeting a 12 Is ACT Writing Important? Strategies and Content Prompts Rubric Overall Tips How to Write an ACT Essay ACT Prep Plans Best ACT Prep BooksHow to Get a Perfect ACT Score10-Day ACT Study Plan College Resources Facts Straight From the Admissions OfficerHow College Admissions Officers Read RecommendationsHow to Get Into Harvard While the resources above are vast, if you want it packaged up all-in-one as part of a full ACT course with even more content, quizzes, and practice, we recommend our Online Prep Program. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

English Essay

English Essay What Is an English Essay? The term English Essay doesnt necessarily imply that this should be some special kind of an essay. English essay signifies that the essay is going to be related to either English language/literature or will require you to show good command of English, including your ability to analyze, critically evaluate the problems presented and express your thoughts clearly. An English essay, therefore, is a very general term, which should meet the essential requirements of the essay writing process. You will need to do some research, plan, draft and proofread your essay. Anyone reading your essay will expect to find some kind of introduction, they will expect to follow a logical argument, and will expect there to be a conclusion. More about Essay Writing How to Write an English Essay? If you follow the methods and structure suggested below your English essay should be easier to write, easier to read, and score higher. Your essay writing process will become a much more enjoyable and valuable exercise than it was in the past. The Stages of Writing Your English Essay Stage 1. Research: Read your class notes, texts, and other books. Stage 2. Plan: Think about the title of your essay and what is expected of you. Stage 3. Theme/Ideas: Decide what the essay is about. Stage 4. Structure: Introduction, text, and conclusion. Stage 5. Drafting: Start  to do the writing. Stage 6. Proof-reading: Check spelling and grammar. Stage 7. Bibliography: List your sources. If you need more information or any kind of academic assistance in the process of writing your English essay, there are always professional writers who will be able to assist you in order to ensure a top-notch result and make your writing experience enjoyable. Order any kind of English Essay on our order page.

Legal systems in Western countries recognize Essay

Legal systems in Western countries recognize - Essay Example Draft Introduction: Legal systems in Western countries recognize equal protection of the law. Therefore equality is not an issue.1 However, equality in practice cannot always be achieved as the equal rights of one group can conflict with the equal rights of another. (Discuss the purpose of equality laws and the tensions that can arise between sex-based rights and faith based rights). The UK recognized sexual orientation as a new sex-based right worthy of equal protection of the law.2 The expansion of sex-based equalities under the Equality Act 2010 is flawed however. Identify the purpose of the essay. Hypothesis: the Equality Act 2010, is a reminder of the tensions between the recognition and protection of equal rights in favour of one group against another.3 Faith-based and Sexuality-based Equality Laws The most common tensions between faith-based and sexuality-based equality laws is the rights of gays to the equal protection of the law and freedom of religion which generally includ es the right to discriminate against gays particularly the right to oppose same-sex unions and adoptions.

International Sales of Goods by Sea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

International Sales of Goods by Sea - Essay Example This is to ensure that no material losses occur to the goods during transit. The liability of the seller under CIF is larger than under FOB, in that, the responsibility of the goods, vests with the seller until it is loaded onboard the ship. In other words, the liability is not restricted until it is entrusted to the carrier, but remains intact until the shipments are aboard the ship. Any losses that occur during the intervening period would fall upon the seller, and not anybody else. Thus, the Academy could initiate action against Llodd’s in respect of the books having missing pages. Under Section 14 (2) (a) of Sale of Goods Act, it is seen that â€Å"where a seller sells goods in the course of a business, there is an implied term that the goods supplied under the contract are of satisfactory quality. It provides that goods are of satisfactory quality if they meet the standard that a reasonable person would regard as satisfactory, taking account of any description of the goods, the price (if relevant) and all the other relevant circumstances. Again, under Section 13 of the Sale of Goods Act, sale of goods by description, it is incumbent on the part of the seller to ensure that the goods match the description; otherwise the buyer is at liberty to repudiate the treaty, and /or claim damages for compensatory damages. (Sale of Goods Act 1979). Again under the provisions of Section 11 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979, it is seen that when a contract of sale is incumbent upon certain conditionality to be fulfilled by the seller, especially in a CIF contract, the buyer has the options either to excuse the conditions or may elect to treat the breach of condition, as a breach of warranty, which may not be cause for action of cancelling the contract. There may be certain aspects surrounding the case that could suggest whether the requirement could be treated as a condition precedent, in which case the buyer could elect to cancel the contract or, in cases,

How the Dominican Republic Changed My American Middle Class Life :: Personal Narrative Culture Essays

How the Dominican Republic Changed My American Middle Class Life I am a product of American society. Born and raised in Racine, Wisconsin, I grew up in a middle class suburban neighborhood. Christian morals and values have been bestowed upon me since the day I was brought into this world. I was taught to love and respect others. I would have liked to think that I was the result of a well-rounded educational system. After all, I studied world history. I was also exposed to the horrors of third-world countries by watching the commercials on television crying out for money to help those children with bellies bloated of air and disease eating their bodies? And of course, I will never forget the tragedies of oppressed nations so eloquently represented in the daily editions of the Journal Times. Every morning I sat in my kitchen, scanning the daily paper over a cup of coffee contemplating my daily routine. Should I take the Nissan or the Toyota to school today? Jeans or khakis? Bagel or cereal? All of the essential elements of an average American’s schedule that clutter my brain with decisions seemed to overwhelm me early in the morning. On a usual morning, I would choose the Nissan, a gas-guzzling beast that had become the recent fad among American consumers. I would stroll into school wearing my Gap jeans and J-Crew tee shirt, conscious of the casual look I chose to sport. I would start my day mingling amongst my friends, all remarkably similarly dressed and groomed. We would discuss the all of the pressing social issues: if Joey and Pacy broke up on Dawson’s Creek, where we could buy the latest New Balance shoes, and most importantly, who would have the party on Friday night. Throughout my years in high school, I also became an amazingly cultured individual. Six black people attended my school and I was a friend to all of them. Anthea’s parents were even from Africa. I also familiarized myself with Indian culture as Pikul Patel was a classmate of mine since grade school and I talked to him too.

Bibliography

Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada  is considered the most beloved of the Spanish Governors-General ever assigned in the  Philippines  (1869–1871). He was the assigned  Governor-General  after the  La Gloriosa  revolution. ————————————————- [edit]Governor General of the Philippines A  Carlist  army officer, he was sent from  Spain  by  Francisco Serrano  after the ouster ofIsabel II  as result of the  La Gloriosa  revolution. He was considered a liberal Spaniard who practiced the liberal and democratic principles for imposing liberal  laws. 1]  He wanted to have the bronze statue of  Isabel II, first unveiled in 1860, melted so that it would be put to better use. However, the Manila City Council saved it by declaring the statue municipal property. [2] He established the  Guardia Civil  in the  Philippines  and gave a mnesty to rebels,[3]  of which the most prominent was Casimiro Camerino (El tulisan), the leader of bandits in Cavite. [4]He organized the bandits given amnesty into an auxiliary force of the  Guardia Civil. He abolished flogging, relaxed media censorship, and began limited secularization of education. 2]  He was also very close to the  ilustrados, a group of Filipinos who understood the situation of the Philippines under Spanish rule. His supporters had done a Liberal Parade in front of the  Malacanan Palace. [5] Only two weeks after the arrival of de la Torre as Governor-General, Burgos and Joaquin Pardo de Tavera led a demonstration at the Plaza de Santa Potenciana. Among the demonstrators were Jose Icaza, Jacobo Zobel, Ignacio Rocha, Manuel Genato and Maximo Paterno. The demo cry was â€Å"Viva Filipinas para los Filipinos! â€Å".In November 1870, a student movement, denounced as a riot or  motin, at the  University of Santo Tomasformed a committee to demand ref orms on the school and its curricula. It later announced support of Philippine autonomy and recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain. The committee was headed by Felipe Buencamino. [6] Carlos was single and he had a mistress who had great influence on him. His mistress, Maria del Rosario Gil de Montes de Sanchiz, flared up friar opposition because of many reasons. One of the reasons was she authored a book entitled  El Hombre de Dios.It was criticized because a woman wrote it. [2] Another is during a festivity in  Malacanan Palace  that was mainly attended by Philippine creoles, who are now definitely called Filipinos. She arrived at the place wearing a ribbon which said  Viva la Libertad  (English: Long live libertty) and  Viva el Pueblo Soberano  (English: Long live the sovereign nation). [2] In March 1871, he wrote to Madrid concerning his decision to get relieved from his post. However, his patron in Spain was assassinated the previous month and orders for his relief was given nine days before his letter was written. 4]  He was succeeded by  Governor-GeneralRafael de Izquierdo. ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ——————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- Maximo S.Viola Maximo Sison Viola  (1857-1933) was a physician, municipal councilor, and a supporter of the Propaganda Movement. Maximo Viola was known as the man who saved for posterity and financed the printing of  Jose Rizal's novel  Noli Me Tangere. Early life Maximo Viola was born on October 17, 1857 in Barrio Sta. Rita, San Miguel, Bulacan. He was the only child of Isabel Sison from Malabon, Rizal and Pedro Viola from San Rafael, Bulacan. Viola had his early education in San Miguel, Bulacan and completed a degree in Colegio de San Juan de Letr an in Intramuros, Manila.He took his pre-medical studies at the University of Santo Tomas. In 1882, he sailed to Spain and studied Medicine at the University of Barcelona, where he met other Filipino students, notably Jose Rizal, with whom he developed a close friendship. In 1886, Viola obtained his doctoral degree in medicine from the University of Barcelona. Viola was also supportive of other propagandists such as  Marcelo H. del Pilar, whom he aided financially. He returned to Philippines in 1887 and lived a full life until he died on September 3, 1933. ————————————————- edit]  Fellowship with Dr. Jose Rizal March 1887, Viola played an important role in the life of Jose Rizal, he financed the publication of Rizal's first novel Noli Me Tangere, which original manuscript had already planned to be destroy by Rizal because of financial inability to pay its publication. Thus, the first 2,000 copies of the novel were printed. In deep gratitude, Rizal gave him the last galley proofs and the first published copy, â€Å"To my friend, Maximo Viola, the first to read and appreciate my work-Jose Rizal, March 29, 1887, Berlin. † – Rizal wrote.On the same year, Viola and Rizal toured Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland where he personally met Ferdinand Blumentritt, one of Rizal’s foreigner friend and supporter. 1887, Dr. Viola returned to the Philippines and began his medical practice. In 1890, he married a native from San Miguel named Juana Roura, by whom he had five sons. However, two of them died in infancy. June 1892, he had a reunion with Rizal in Manila and learned about his friend’s fate, with his association with Rizal he was included to the watch list by the Spanish authorities and the Spanish Guardia Civil subjected his home in Bulacan had to a thorough inspection.In the peak of 1896 revolution, Viola went underg round to escape the harassment of the Spanish authorities. He was also a Manila military prison and later in Olongapo during his imprisonment, he assist Dr. Fresnell, an American doctor who was unfamiliar with tropical diseases. Fresnell later helped him secure his freedom. He was the president of Liga de Propietarios, who aided the owners of rice lands in San Miguel, Bulacan in opposing politicians who were courting the tenant’s votes at the expense of the landlords.When Manila Railroad line was being extended to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, Viola once again rallied the concerned landowners in preventing the prestigious British Company from taking over their land without appropriate reparations. Dr. Maximo Viola treated his impecunious patients for free and often resorted to simple remedies so that they would not have to spend, he would disinfect common snakebites by using matchsticks instead of prescribing expensive solutions. One of his hobby is designing and building furnitur e, in the 1920’s he proved his competence by winning awards for his furniture pieces displayed in several shows in Manila.In the later years, Viola wrote memoirs of his friendship with Rizal, it came out in three parts in the Spanish newspaper El Ideal, in June to 20, 1913. The English version was done by A. R. Roces, one of the eminent writers and it was published in the Manila Times on the December 30 and 31, 1950 and January 1, 1951 issues. On September 3, 1933, Dr. Viola, aged 76 died in Barrio San Jose in his hometown. Later, another house was constructed on the same lot where an heir of Pedro Viola lived. In 1962, a marker in honor of Dr.Viola was installed in San Miguel, Bulacan Pedro Serrano Lawtaw  (1853-1928) was a 19th-century reformist, Mason, and renowned lexicographer and educator. He is also known as the only Filipino tutor in the service of a Spanish king. ———————————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- [edit]  Early Life Pedro Serrano Laktaw was born on 24 October 1853 in  Kupang, Bulacan. His father was the lexicographer  Rosalio Serrana, and his mother was Juana Laktaw, who from early on fostered a love of language and literature on their sixth child.Pedro Serrano Laktaw obtained his degree of â€Å"maestro elemental† at the  Escuela Normal Superior de Maestros  in Manila and began his teaching career in 1877 in  San Luis, Pampanga. It was in Pampanga that he studied the local literature and folk traditions. His study entitled â€Å"Folklore Pampango† was included by  Isabelo de los Reyes  in the landmark book â€Å"El Folk-lore Filipino† and exhibited at the  Exposicion Filipinaheld in Madrid in 1887. ————————————————- [edit]  Involvement in the Propaganda MovementMoving back to his home provice of  Bulacan, he became a director of a  Malolos  school. It was at this time that he joined activiely in civic causes. Together with  Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Mariano Crisostomo, Jose Gatmaitan,  Mariano Ponce, he formed a benevolent association calledCaja de Jesus, Maria y Jose  to give scholarships to indigent children. Together with  Ambrosio R. Bautista,  Deodato Arellano,  Marcelo H. del Pilar  and  Doroteo Cortes, he helped form a  Comite de Propaganda  to extol democratic principles and expose friar abuses. Pedro Serrano Laktaw also co-authored with  Rafael Enriquez  and  Marcelo H. el Pilar  other satirical works, such as  Dasalan at Toksohan, andPasion dapat ipag-alab ng Puso ng taong babasa. This group continued to finance the publication of  La Solidaridad, even when  Marcelo H. del Pilar  left Manila for Barcelona to escape arrest. In 1887 he was awarded a government scholarship to study at the Escuela Normal of Salamanca, Spain. He took up postgraduate studies at the Escuela Normal in Madrid. He achieved renown as a teacher and was hired as a private tutor to the Prince of Asturias, who later became King  Alfonso XIII.He was acclaimed as the only Filipino tutor in the service of a Spanish king. In 1889 he compiled the first modern lexicography of the Tagalog language  Diccionario Hispano-Tagalog  to much notice. He issued the follow-up volume â€Å"Diccionario Tagalog-Hispano† in 1914. ————————————————- [edit]  Masonic Activities He was attracted by the ideals of fraternity and enlightenment and he was recruited into  Freemasonry, joining on 1 April 1889 the LodgeRevolucion  in Barcelona, Spain with  Graciano Lopez Jaena,  Jose Rizal,  Mariano Ponce,  Marcelo H.Del Pilar,  Jose Alejandrino,  Antonio Lunaand  Juan Luna. This lodge was later renamed to  Solidaridad No. 5. The Masonic grandmaster  Miguel Morayta  of the Spanish  Gran Oriente Espanol  designated Pedro Serrano Laktaw and  Antonio Luna  to establish  Freemasonry  in the Philippines. Returning to Manila in 1890 he helped found other Masonic lodges throughout the country. Working with an early Masonic recruit  Moises Salvador  and  Jose A. Ramos, who was based in London, he established the first all-Filipino lodge called  Nilad, which became the motherhouse of all lodges.It was officially recognized by the  Gran Oriente Espanol  the following year, with  Jose A. Ramos  designated as head and Serrano as its first secretary. His Masonic name was  Panday Pira, a legendary cannon maker of the 16th century. In Manila he was arrested for his masonic proselytizing and later released by Governor-General  Ramon Blanco y Erenas. For having renounced the Masonic movement, he was expelled from the organization on 16 April 1893. Thereafter he wrote for  Espana Ori ental  and  Revista Catolica de Filipinas.In the second half of the  Philippine Revolution  he resumed his propagandistic career, writing articles for  El Heraldo de la Revolucion. He continued writing nationalistic articles under the American regime, for other organs such as  Ang Bayan,  Ang Kapatid ng Bayanand  Kalayaan. He cemented his reputation as a lexicographer and grammarian when he pulished  Diccionario Tagalog-Hispano  in 1914. Together with his earlier volume  Diccionario Hispano-Tagalog, the two books were described as the only lexicographical studies of scientific value by an American linguist Leonard Bloomfield.His  Estudios Gramaticales Sobre la Lenga Tagalog  was published posthumously published in 1929 and today he is remembered as one of the spelling reformers of the Tagalog language, along with  Jose Rizal  and  Trinidad Pardo de Tavera. Pedro Serrano Laktaw married Roberta Buison in 1887 by whom had 13 children, including Rosalio, Jr. , Pedro, Isidro, Jose, Manuel, Consuelo, Balbino, Hermenegildo, Pedring, Teresa, Patricio. He died on 22 September 1928 and was buried in  Mandaluyong, Rizal. Bibliography Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada  is considered the most beloved of the Spanish Governors-General ever assigned in the  Philippines  (1869–1871). He was the assigned  Governor-General  after the  La Gloriosa  revolution. ————————————————- [edit]Governor General of the Philippines A  Carlist  army officer, he was sent from  Spain  by  Francisco Serrano  after the ouster ofIsabel II  as result of the  La Gloriosa  revolution. He was considered a liberal Spaniard who practiced the liberal and democratic principles for imposing liberal  laws. 1]  He wanted to have the bronze statue of  Isabel II, first unveiled in 1860, melted so that it would be put to better use. However, the Manila City Council saved it by declaring the statue municipal property. [2] He established the  Guardia Civil  in the  Philippines  and gave a mnesty to rebels,[3]  of which the most prominent was Casimiro Camerino (El tulisan), the leader of bandits in Cavite. [4]He organized the bandits given amnesty into an auxiliary force of the  Guardia Civil. He abolished flogging, relaxed media censorship, and began limited secularization of education. 2]  He was also very close to the  ilustrados, a group of Filipinos who understood the situation of the Philippines under Spanish rule. His supporters had done a Liberal Parade in front of the  Malacanan Palace. [5] Only two weeks after the arrival of de la Torre as Governor-General, Burgos and Joaquin Pardo de Tavera led a demonstration at the Plaza de Santa Potenciana. Among the demonstrators were Jose Icaza, Jacobo Zobel, Ignacio Rocha, Manuel Genato and Maximo Paterno. The demo cry was â€Å"Viva Filipinas para los Filipinos! â€Å".In November 1870, a student movement, denounced as a riot or  motin, at the  University of Santo Tomasformed a committee to demand ref orms on the school and its curricula. It later announced support of Philippine autonomy and recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain. The committee was headed by Felipe Buencamino. [6] Carlos was single and he had a mistress who had great influence on him. His mistress, Maria del Rosario Gil de Montes de Sanchiz, flared up friar opposition because of many reasons. One of the reasons was she authored a book entitled  El Hombre de Dios.It was criticized because a woman wrote it. [2] Another is during a festivity in  Malacanan Palace  that was mainly attended by Philippine creoles, who are now definitely called Filipinos. She arrived at the place wearing a ribbon which said  Viva la Libertad  (English: Long live libertty) and  Viva el Pueblo Soberano  (English: Long live the sovereign nation). [2] In March 1871, he wrote to Madrid concerning his decision to get relieved from his post. However, his patron in Spain was assassinated the previous month and orders for his relief was given nine days before his letter was written. 4]  He was succeeded by  Governor-GeneralRafael de Izquierdo. ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ——————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- Maximo S.Viola Maximo Sison Viola  (1857-1933) was a physician, municipal councilor, and a supporter of the Propaganda Movement. Maximo Viola was known as the man who saved for posterity and financed the printing of  Jose Rizal's novel  Noli Me Tangere. Early life Maximo Viola was born on October 17, 1857 in Barrio Sta. Rita, San Miguel, Bulacan. He was the only child of Isabel Sison from Malabon, Rizal and Pedro Viola from San Rafael, Bulacan. Viola had his early education in San Miguel, Bulacan and completed a degree in Colegio de San Juan de Letr an in Intramuros, Manila.He took his pre-medical studies at the University of Santo Tomas. In 1882, he sailed to Spain and studied Medicine at the University of Barcelona, where he met other Filipino students, notably Jose Rizal, with whom he developed a close friendship. In 1886, Viola obtained his doctoral degree in medicine from the University of Barcelona. Viola was also supportive of other propagandists such as  Marcelo H. del Pilar, whom he aided financially. He returned to Philippines in 1887 and lived a full life until he died on September 3, 1933. ————————————————- edit]  Fellowship with Dr. Jose Rizal March 1887, Viola played an important role in the life of Jose Rizal, he financed the publication of Rizal's first novel Noli Me Tangere, which original manuscript had already planned to be destroy by Rizal because of financial inability to pay its publication. Thus, the first 2,000 copies of the novel were printed. In deep gratitude, Rizal gave him the last galley proofs and the first published copy, â€Å"To my friend, Maximo Viola, the first to read and appreciate my work-Jose Rizal, March 29, 1887, Berlin. † – Rizal wrote.On the same year, Viola and Rizal toured Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland where he personally met Ferdinand Blumentritt, one of Rizal’s foreigner friend and supporter. 1887, Dr. Viola returned to the Philippines and began his medical practice. In 1890, he married a native from San Miguel named Juana Roura, by whom he had five sons. However, two of them died in infancy. June 1892, he had a reunion with Rizal in Manila and learned about his friend’s fate, with his association with Rizal he was included to the watch list by the Spanish authorities and the Spanish Guardia Civil subjected his home in Bulacan had to a thorough inspection.In the peak of 1896 revolution, Viola went underg round to escape the harassment of the Spanish authorities. He was also a Manila military prison and later in Olongapo during his imprisonment, he assist Dr. Fresnell, an American doctor who was unfamiliar with tropical diseases. Fresnell later helped him secure his freedom. He was the president of Liga de Propietarios, who aided the owners of rice lands in San Miguel, Bulacan in opposing politicians who were courting the tenant’s votes at the expense of the landlords.When Manila Railroad line was being extended to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, Viola once again rallied the concerned landowners in preventing the prestigious British Company from taking over their land without appropriate reparations. Dr. Maximo Viola treated his impecunious patients for free and often resorted to simple remedies so that they would not have to spend, he would disinfect common snakebites by using matchsticks instead of prescribing expensive solutions. One of his hobby is designing and building furnitur e, in the 1920’s he proved his competence by winning awards for his furniture pieces displayed in several shows in Manila.In the later years, Viola wrote memoirs of his friendship with Rizal, it came out in three parts in the Spanish newspaper El Ideal, in June to 20, 1913. The English version was done by A. R. Roces, one of the eminent writers and it was published in the Manila Times on the December 30 and 31, 1950 and January 1, 1951 issues. On September 3, 1933, Dr. Viola, aged 76 died in Barrio San Jose in his hometown. Later, another house was constructed on the same lot where an heir of Pedro Viola lived. In 1962, a marker in honor of Dr.Viola was installed in San Miguel, Bulacan Pedro Serrano Lawtaw  (1853-1928) was a 19th-century reformist, Mason, and renowned lexicographer and educator. He is also known as the only Filipino tutor in the service of a Spanish king. ———————————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- [edit]  Early Life Pedro Serrano Laktaw was born on 24 October 1853 in  Kupang, Bulacan. His father was the lexicographer  Rosalio Serrana, and his mother was Juana Laktaw, who from early on fostered a love of language and literature on their sixth child.Pedro Serrano Laktaw obtained his degree of â€Å"maestro elemental† at the  Escuela Normal Superior de Maestros  in Manila and began his teaching career in 1877 in  San Luis, Pampanga. It was in Pampanga that he studied the local literature and folk traditions. His study entitled â€Å"Folklore Pampango† was included by  Isabelo de los Reyes  in the landmark book â€Å"El Folk-lore Filipino† and exhibited at the  Exposicion Filipinaheld in Madrid in 1887. ————————————————- [edit]  Involvement in the Propaganda MovementMoving back to his home provice of  Bulacan, he became a director of a  Malolos  school. It was at this time that he joined activiely in civic causes. Together with  Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Mariano Crisostomo, Jose Gatmaitan,  Mariano Ponce, he formed a benevolent association calledCaja de Jesus, Maria y Jose  to give scholarships to indigent children. Together with  Ambrosio R. Bautista,  Deodato Arellano,  Marcelo H. del Pilar  and  Doroteo Cortes, he helped form a  Comite de Propaganda  to extol democratic principles and expose friar abuses. Pedro Serrano Laktaw also co-authored with  Rafael Enriquez  and  Marcelo H. el Pilar  other satirical works, such as  Dasalan at Toksohan, andPasion dapat ipag-alab ng Puso ng taong babasa. This group continued to finance the publication of  La Solidaridad, even when  Marcelo H. del Pilar  left Manila for Barcelona to escape arrest. In 1887 he was awarded a government scholarship to study at the Escuela Normal of Salamanca, Spain. He took up postgraduate studies at the Escuela Normal in Madrid. He achieved renown as a teacher and was hired as a private tutor to the Prince of Asturias, who later became King  Alfonso XIII.He was acclaimed as the only Filipino tutor in the service of a Spanish king. In 1889 he compiled the first modern lexicography of the Tagalog language  Diccionario Hispano-Tagalog  to much notice. He issued the follow-up volume â€Å"Diccionario Tagalog-Hispano† in 1914. ————————————————- [edit]  Masonic Activities He was attracted by the ideals of fraternity and enlightenment and he was recruited into  Freemasonry, joining on 1 April 1889 the LodgeRevolucion  in Barcelona, Spain with  Graciano Lopez Jaena,  Jose Rizal,  Mariano Ponce,  Marcelo H.Del Pilar,  Jose Alejandrino,  Antonio Lunaand  Juan Luna. This lodge was later renamed to  Solidaridad No. 5. The Masonic grandmaster  Miguel Morayta  of the Spanish  Gran Oriente Espanol  designated Pedro Serrano Laktaw and  Antonio Luna  to establish  Freemasonry  in the Philippines. Returning to Manila in 1890 he helped found other Masonic lodges throughout the country. Working with an early Masonic recruit  Moises Salvador  and  Jose A. Ramos, who was based in London, he established the first all-Filipino lodge called  Nilad, which became the motherhouse of all lodges.It was officially recognized by the  Gran Oriente Espanol  the following year, with  Jose A. Ramos  designated as head and Serrano as its first secretary. His Masonic name was  Panday Pira, a legendary cannon maker of the 16th century. In Manila he was arrested for his masonic proselytizing and later released by Governor-General  Ramon Blanco y Erenas. For having renounced the Masonic movement, he was expelled from the organization on 16 April 1893. Thereafter he wrote for  Espana Ori ental  and  Revista Catolica de Filipinas.In the second half of the  Philippine Revolution  he resumed his propagandistic career, writing articles for  El Heraldo de la Revolucion. He continued writing nationalistic articles under the American regime, for other organs such as  Ang Bayan,  Ang Kapatid ng Bayanand  Kalayaan. He cemented his reputation as a lexicographer and grammarian when he pulished  Diccionario Tagalog-Hispano  in 1914. Together with his earlier volume  Diccionario Hispano-Tagalog, the two books were described as the only lexicographical studies of scientific value by an American linguist Leonard Bloomfield.His  Estudios Gramaticales Sobre la Lenga Tagalog  was published posthumously published in 1929 and today he is remembered as one of the spelling reformers of the Tagalog language, along with  Jose Rizal  and  Trinidad Pardo de Tavera. Pedro Serrano Laktaw married Roberta Buison in 1887 by whom had 13 children, including Rosalio, Jr. , Pedro, Isidro, Jose, Manuel, Consuelo, Balbino, Hermenegildo, Pedring, Teresa, Patricio. He died on 22 September 1928 and was buried in  Mandaluyong, Rizal.