What Is the Maximin Principle in Economics

The maximan principle is a justice criterion proposed by the philosopher Rawls. A principle about the just design of social systems, e.g. rights and duties. According to this principle the system should be designed to maximize the position of those who will be worst off in it. The basic structure is just throughout when the advantages of the more fortunate promote the well-being of the least fortunate, that is, when a decrease in their advantages would make the least fortunate even worse off than they are. The basic structure is perfectly just when the prospects of the least fortunate are as great as they can be. -Rawls, 1973, p. 328Â  (Econterms)

F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote about a man in the concentration...

F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote about a man in the concentration camp, â€Å"He was so terrible that he was no longer terrible, only dehumanized†, and this only reveals how sadistic people were. Dehumanization is as plain-spoken as denying food and water to someone, denying social connection or limiting someones ability to sleep. People who had suffered did not get any freedom and it was a life filled with torment and misery. Night is written by Elie Wiesel and it is a memoir. Through the process of dehumanization, including treating the Jews like animals, taking away their identity and being denied justice that Hitler and his accomplices were able to break the will of millions of Jewish people and largely succeed with their fiendish and diabolic†¦show more content†¦Even now in the modern world people have items that may be kept for the same reasons that the Jews would have. Some people can be identified by the same necklace, bracelet or ring they might wear everyday. Item s can be kept because it may be an heirloom. It must have been dreadful to just have something so close to someone and simply have it taken away, and not be able to do anything about it. The prisoners at the camps were referred to by a combination of a letter and a series of numbers. Elie was called out as â€Å"A-7713† (Wiesel 59) instead of his own name, making it seem like he is not a person. This number was what every person was identified with. It is mortifying to know that this is the upmost respect that the Jewish get. Innocent people that have done nothing to harm the world are put in this jailhouse and get assigned a number. These were clearly unjust and biased decisions made by the Germans. In the modern days only criminals are assigned a jail number and are put in a cell. For a while, there was no end to all this torture, people just felt more and more helpless. Jewish had no freedom, no rights, and were treated as low as wild animals. Wiesel claimed, â€Å"We ha d eaten nothing for six days, except a bit of grass or some potato peelings near the kitchens† (Wiesel 118-119). This condition is exactly the circumstance that wild animals are in. First of all, there needs to be food somewhere. And second, the Jews are fighting for the survival of theShow MoreRelatedShadow of the Night619 Words   |  3 PagesShadow of the Night On a freezing, dark blue night of Li, in the Village of Li-Marta. This was an old little village, the houses were nothing but ash and rubble except an old abandoned barn. The barn had creaking floor boards and a rotten wooden roof. In this abandoned barn there lived a young and confident farm boy; his clothes were ragged and full of holes. The young boy was called Rye named after the agricultural god Ren-Rye. As Rye was sitting on the creaking floor boards a thought hit himRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel904 Words   |  4 PagesIn Night by Elie Wiesel, the author reflects on his own experience of being separated from his family and eventually his own religion. This separation was not by any means voluntary, they were forced apart during the Holocaust. Wiesel was a Jew when the invasion of Hungary occurred and the Germans ripped members of his religion away from their home in Sighet. A once peaceful community where Wiesel learned to love the Kabbalah was now home to only dust and lost memories. Most members of that JewishRead MoreNight, By Eliezer Wiesel1585 Words   |  7 Pages There are many important themes and overtones to the book Night, by Eliezer Wiesel. One of the major themes from the book includes the protagonist, and author of his memoire, Elie Wiesel’s ever changing relationship with God. An example of this is when Moche the Beadle asked Elie an important question t hat would change his life forever, as the basis of his passion and aptitude for studying the ancient texts and teachings of Judaism, â€Å"When Moche the Beadle asked Elie why he prayed, Elie couldn tRead MoreStarry Night971 Words   |  4 PagesStarry Night is a beautiful painting, representational in the type of art. The size of the painting is 29 in. by 36  ¼ in., and oil on canvas were the materials used. Van Gogh is using an expressive quality and an emotionalism viewpoint. On the left side of the painting, there is a group of black lines that curve in waves upward, coming to a point. To the lower right, there is a small town that leads up to hills and then mountains. The painting is set at night, and the sky is a wondrous swirl of burstingRead MoreThe Night Sky - Original Writing926 Words   |  4 PagesIt was a dark and stormy night, the wind blows as the ghostly moonlight filled the darkness. 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Everything is probably historically correct because he wentRead MoreThe s Night - Original Writing1526 Words   |  7 PagesEverything that happened in Elie Wiesel’s night. I will see, smell, and feel the holocaust through the eyes of Wiesel. â€Å"Alright, uh, Yavin. Nice name. I’m Mr. Hiraku. Are you ready?† the teacher asked, looking down at his chart for my name. â€Å"Yes sir.† I answered, a bit shakily. I had used VR before for video games, but never for something so important. â€Å"Alright. I’m going to read you off some side effects involved with this experience. ‘While participating in the Night VR experience software, you may encounterRead MoreNight, Hope, By Elie Wiesel1580 Words   |  7 Pagesthey grabbed onto it as tightly as they could. Throughout Elie Wiesel’s memoir, Night, hope is a recurring theme. Elie and the people he was around were living in the darkest of conditions, but they still were able to shine a bright light on their situation. 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The Hunters Phantom Chapter 8 Free Essays

string(80) " as yet unknown person or being looking after you, warning you of danger ahead\." â€Å"It was seriously creepy,† said Bonnie. They had al bundled into Matt’s car, Elena hopping onto Stefan’s lap and Meredith onto Alaric’s (which, Bonnie had noted, Dr. Celia had seemed less than thril ed by). We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then they’d hurried back to the boardinghouse, looking for counsel. Once there, they’d al crowded into the parlor and spil ed out the story to Mrs. Flowers, talking over one another in their excitement. â€Å"First Celia’s name – in my blood – appearing out of nowhere,† Bonnie went on, â€Å"and then there’s this weird accident that could have killed her, and then Meredith’s name appears, too. It was al just real y, real y creepy.† â€Å"I’d put it a bit more strongly than that,† Meredith said. Then she arched an elegant eyebrow. â€Å"Bonnie, this is no doubt the first time I’ve ever complained you weren’t being dramatic enough.† â€Å"Hey!† Bonnie objected. â€Å"There you go,† Elena joked. â€Å"Keep looking on the bright side. The latest insanity is making Bonnie low-key.† Matt shook his head. â€Å"Mrs. Flowers, do you know what’s happening?† Mrs. Flowers, seated in a cozy corner chair of the parlor, smiled and patted him on the shoulder. She’d been knitting when they came in, but had laid the pink bundle of yarn aside and had fixed her calm blue eyes on them with her ful attention as they told their story. â€Å"Dear Matt,† she said. â€Å"Always straight to the point.† Poor Celia had been sitting on the couch by Alaric and Meredith, looking stunned since they’d arrived. It was one thing to study the supernatural, but the reality of a vampire, mysteriously appearing names, and a brush with death must have been a shock to her system. Alaric had a reassuring arm around her shoulders. Bonnie thought maybe the arm should have been around Meredith’s shoulders. After al , Meredith’s name had just shown up in the scarf’s folds. But Meredith was just sitting there, watching Alaric and Celia, her face composed, her eyes unreadable. Now Celia leaned forward and spoke for the first time. â€Å"Pardon me,† she said politely, her voice shaking a bit, â€Å"but I don’t understand why we’ve brought this†¦ this issue to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her voice trailed off as her eyes flickered to Mrs. Flowers. Bonnie knew what she meant. Mrs. Flowers looked like the epitome of a sweet, dotty elderly lady: soft flyaway gray hair drawn back in a bun, a politely vague expression, a wardrobe that leaned toward pastels or shabby blacks, and a habit of muttering quietly, apparently to herself. A year ago, Bonnie herself had thought Mrs. Flowers was just the crazy old woman who ran the boardinghouse where Stefan lived. But appearances could be deceptive. Mrs. Flowers had earned the respect and admiration of every one of them by the way she had protected the town with her magic, Power, and good sense. There was a lot more to this little old lady than met the eye. â€Å"My dear,† said Mrs. Flowers firmly, â€Å"you’ve had a very traumatic experience. Drink your tea. It’s a special calming blend that’s been passed down in my family for generations. We wil do everything we can for you.† Which, Bonnie observed, was a very sweet and ladylike way of putting Dr. Celia Connor in her place. She was to drink her tea and recuperate, and they would figure out how to solve the problem. Celia’s eyes flashed, but she sipped her tea obediently. â€Å"Now,† Mrs. Flowers said, looking around at the others, â€Å"it seems to me that the first thing to do is to figure out what the intention is behind the appearance of the names. Once we do that, perhaps we wil have a better idea of who might be behind their appearance.† â€Å"Maybe to warn us?† Bonnie said hesitantly. â€Å"I mean, Celia’s name appeared, and then she almost died, and now Meredith†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her voice trailed off and she looked at Meredith apologetical y. â€Å"I’m worried you might be in danger.† Meredith squared her shoulders. â€Å"It certainly wouldn’t be the first time,† she said. Mrs. Flowers nodded briskly. â€Å"Yes, it’s possible that the appearance of the names has a benevolent intention. Let’s explore that theory. Someone may be trying to get a warning to you. If so, who? And why do they have to do it in this way?† Bonnie’s voice was even softer and more hesitant now. But if no one else was going to say it, she would. â€Å"Could it be Damon?† â€Å"Damon’s dead,† Stefan said flatly. â€Å"But when Elena was dead, she warned me about Klaus,† Bonnie argued. Stefan massaged his temples. He looked tired. â€Å"Bonnie, when Elena died, Klaus trapped her spirit between dimensions. She hadn’t ful y passed away. And even then, she could only visit you in your dreams – not anyone else, just you, because you can sense things other people can’t. She couldn’t make anything happen in the physical world.† Elena’s voice trembled. â€Å"Bonnie, the Guardians told us that vampires don’t live on after death. In any sense of the word. Damon’s gone.† Stefan reached out and took her hand, his eyes troubled. Bonnie felt a sharp stab of sympathy for them both. She was sorry she’d brought Damon up, but she hadn’t been able to stop herself. The thought that he might be watching over them, irascible and mocking but ultimately kind, had briefly lifted the weight from her heart. Now that weight came crashing back down. â€Å"Wel ,† she said dul y, â€Å"then I don’t have any idea who might be warning us. Does anybody else?† They al shook their heads, baffled. â€Å"Who even knows about us now that has this kind of power?† Matt asked. â€Å"The Guardians?† said Bonnie doubtful y. But Elena shook her head with a quick decisive motion, blond hair swinging. â€Å"It’s not them,† she said. â€Å"The last thing they’d do is send a message in blood. Visions would be more their style. And I’m pretty sure the Guardians washed their hands of us when they sent us back here.† Mrs. Flowers interlocked her fingers in her lap. â€Å"So perhaps there is some as yet unknown person or being looking after you, warning you of danger ahead. You read "The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 8" in category "Essay examples"† Matt had been sitting ramrod straight in one of Mrs. Flowers’s daintier chairs, and it creaked alarmingly as he leaned forward. â€Å"Um,† he said. â€Å"I think the better question is, what’s causing that danger?† Mrs. Flowers spread her smal , wrinkled hands. â€Å"You’re perfectly right. Let’s consider the options. On the one hand, it could be a warning for something that was natural y going to happen. Celia’s – you don’t mind if I cal you Celia, do you, dear?† Celia, stil looking shel -shocked, shook her head. â€Å"Good. Celia’s scarf getting caught in the train doors could have been a natural accident. Forgive me for saying so, but those long, dramatic scarves can be very dangerous. The dancer Isadora Duncan was kil ed in just that way when her scarf caught in the wheel of a car many years ago. Perhaps whoever sent the message was simply raising a flag for Celia to be careful, or for the rest of you to take care of her. Perhaps Meredith merely needs to be cautious over the next few days.† â€Å"You don’t think so, though, do you?† asked Meredith sharply. Mrs. Flowers sighed. â€Å"This al feels rather malevolent to me. I think if someone wanted to warn you about the possibility of accidents, they could find a better way than names written in blood. Both of these names appeared as the results of rather violent incidents, correct? Bonnie cutting herself and Stefan ripping the scarf from Celia’s neck?† Meredith nodded. Looking troubled, Mrs. Flowers continued. â€Å"And, of course, the other possibility is that the appearance of the names is itself malicious. Perhaps the names’ appearance is an essential ingredient in or targeting method for some spel that is causing the danger.† Stefan frowned. â€Å"You’re talking about dark magic, aren’t you?† Mrs. Flowers met his eyes squarely. â€Å"I’m afraid so. Stefan, you’re the oldest and most experienced of us by far. I’ve never heard of anything like this, have you?† Bonnie felt a bit surprised. Of course, she knew that Stefan was much older than even Mrs. Flowers – after al , he’d been alive before electricity, or running water, or cars, or anything they took for granted in the modern world, while Mrs. Flowers was probably only in her seventies. But stil , it was easy to forget how long Stefan had lived. He looked just like any other eighteen-year-old, except that he was exceptional y handsome. A traitorous thought flickered at the back of her mind, one she’d had before: How was it that Elena always got al the best-looking guys? Stefan was shaking his head. â€Å"Nothing like this, no. But I think you’re right that it may be dark magic. Perhaps, if you spoke to your mother about it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Celia, who was starting to take more of an interest in what was going on, looked at Alaric quizzical y. Then she cast a glance toward the door, as if expecting a hundredyear-old woman to wander in. Bonnie grinned to herself, despite the seriousness of the situation. They had al gotten so matter-of-fact about Mrs. Flowers’s frequent conversations with the ghost of her mother that none of them blinked when Mrs. Flowers gazed off into space and started muttering rapidly, eyebrows lifting, eyes scanning unoccupied space as if someone unseen were speaking to her. But to Celia it must have seemed pretty strange. â€Å"Yes,† said Mrs. Flowers, returning her attention to them. â€Å"Mama says there is indeed something dark stirring in Fel ‘s Church. But† – her hands lifted, palms empty – â€Å"she cannot tel what form it takes. She simply warns us to be careful. Whatever it is, she can sense that it’s deadly.† Stefan and Meredith frowned, taking this in. Alaric was murmuring to Celia, probably explaining what was going on. Matt bowed his head. Elena pushed on, already working on the next angle. â€Å"Bonnie, what about you?† she asked. â€Å"Huh?† Bonnie asked. Then she realized what Elena meant. â€Å"No. Nuh-uh. I’m not going to know anything Mrs. Flowers’s mother doesn’t.† Elena just looked at her, and Bonnie sighed. This was important, after al . Meredith’s name was next, and if there was one thing that was true, it was that she and Meredith and Elena had one another’s backs. Always. â€Å"Al right,† she said reluctantly. â€Å"I’l see if I can find out anything else. Can you light me a candle?† â€Å"What now?† Celia asked in confusion. â€Å"Bonnie’s psychic,† Elena explained simply. â€Å"Fascinating,† Celia said brightly, but her eyes slid, cool and disbelieving, across Bonnie. Wel , whatever. Bonnie didn’t care what she thought. She could assume that Bonnie was pretending or crazy if she wanted to, but she’d see what happened eventual y. Elena brought a candle over from its spot on the mantel, lit it, and placed it on the coffee table. Bonnie swal owed, licked her lips, which were suddenly dry, and tried to focus on the candle flame. Although she’d had plenty of practice, she didn’t like doing this, didn’t like the sensation of losing herself, as if she were sliding underwater. The flame flickered and grew brighter. It seemed to swel and fil Bonnie’s field of vision. Al she could see was flame. I know who you are, a cold, rough voice suddenly growled in her ear, and Bonnie twitched. She hated the voices, sometimes as soft as if they were coming from a distant television, sometimes right beside her, like this one. She somehow always managed to forget them until the next time she began to fal into a trance. A faraway child’s voice began a wordless off-key humming, and Bonnie focused on making her breathing slow and steady. She could feel her eyes slipping out of focus. A sour taste, wet and nasty, fil ed her mouth. Envy twisted, sharp and bitter, inside her. It’s not fair, not fair, something muttered sul enly in her skul . And then blackness took over. Elena watched apprehensively as Bonnie’s pupils widened, reflecting the candle flame. Bonnie was able to sink into trances much more quickly now than when she had begun having them, which worried Elena. â€Å"Darkness rises.† A flat, hol ow voice that didn’t sound anything like Bonnie’s came from her friend’s mouth. â€Å"It’s not here yet, but it wants to be. It’s cold. It’s been cold for a long time. It wants to be near us, out of the darkness and as warm as our hearts. It hates.† â€Å"Is it a vampire?† asked Meredith quickly. The not-Bonnie voice gave a harsh, choking laugh. â€Å"It’s much stronger than any vampire. It can find a home in any of you. Watch one another. Watch yourselves.† â€Å"What is it?† asked Matt. Whatever it was that spoke through Bonnie hesitated. â€Å"She doesn’t know,† said Stefan. â€Å"Or she can’t tel us. Bonnie,† he said intently, â€Å"is someone bringing this thing to us? Who’s causing it?† No hesitation this time. â€Å"Elena,† it said. â€Å"Elena brought it.† How to cite The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 8, Essay examples

Case Study on Brand Architecture of Nestle

Question: Discuss about theBrand Architecture for Nestle Case Study. Answer: Introduction Nestle is a leading brand in its outright context, and many consumers view the relevance of the company whenever they come into contact with products branded Nestle. For a company to prove that it is a leading food company, it has to offer the customers increasing products that they can easily identify in the market as explained by Keller (2003). Nestle remains the valuable and well-recognized brands in the market because it is the largest chocolate manufacturer in the modern world (Waheeducp, 2014). The companys brand management strategies remain unique due to the established brand portfolio encompassing strategic worldwide product brands, global corporate strategic brands, local brands, and regional strategic brands. Nestle has maximized the success of the funding products through successive extensions thus strengthening its relationship with customers (Wisdom IT Services, 2016). The company has achieved its business objective because of its outstanding brand architecture as design ed in the figure below. Brand Architecture for Nestle with Status of Family Brand The Nestls brand architecture shows its branding strategies that have proved Nestls efficiency based on the regular well-founded and coherent responses. As exhibited in the brand design below, each product brand has a labeling of Nest thus confirming that they are genuine products of Nestle. The name of the parent brand or company appears on the package of each product so that it can motivate or it assumes the commercial rand value for products. Keller (2003) holds that Nestle shows that all the goods carry Nestls values of health, taste, and family. Nestle has thus become a living brand with the feature nest acting as a supreme guarantee to the doubting consumers. Similarly, in each of these products, Nestle takes moral responsibility and endorsement where customers can easily use the contacts provided in the package to report any deviations that undermine the integrity of the firm. The brand architecture is a strategic corporate brand having the status of the family brand because it covers different product categories such as baby products, chocolates, chocolate bars, ice cream, children products, and fresh dairy products (Gray, 2012). These products capture the interest of the targeted customers such as children thus compelling the firm to introduce a range brand products. Wisdom IT Services (2016) reports that the Nestle brand architecture confirms that it has remained relevant to the market for the last 150 days, and it thus celebrates its successes with customers through the range brands (Tejas, 2014). As part of its brand strategies, Nestle values the upcoming generations such children to be certain about the future market. Brand Potential of Chocolate and Confectionery Nestls sustainability development remains bright as it continues to increase the access to high-quality food products and contribute to the long-term economic and social developments, and also preserving the environment as reported by Nestle (2002). Nestle incessantly creates a fundamental approach focusing on the long run sustainable values for its employees, customer, consumers, shareholders, and the society. Nestls corporate business principles favor the long-term business development goals than the short-term profits (Tejas, 2014). Nestle has established an outstanding strategy to ensure that chocolate and confectionery product remains relevant to the market. Brand Equity Nestle has established a strong and reliable relationship with stakeholders such as customers worldwide. The Nestle equity brand is defined based on the target market including chocolate, nutrition, ice crme, yogurt, healthcare nutrition, and performance. The aforementioned brands have established a strong connection to customers in the competitive market. The companys brands have created multiple food products that serve the interest of the domestic market. Indeed, Nestle has created a brand leadership because it can communicate consistent messages to the targeted consumers. By running a consistent global advertising and branding program, the company seems to minimize the complexity and cost of managing the campaign. In fact, the brand has adopted a message to local preferences thus making it a global brand leader (Van Den Bos, 2016). Distribution Strategy Nestle has also created one of the best distribution strategies that ensure its product remain available to the consumers to buy whenever and wherever they wish to purchase. In most cases, the sales of chocolate and confectionery depend on the availability. The market research had indicated that over sixty percent of their purchase is made based on impulse response (KPMG, 2016). Nestle continuous to supply these products to many outlets including retailer and wholesaler channels. Similarly, Nestle has noted the point of sales merchandising, especially when customers make snap and instant decisions from the product view (Aaker James, 2000). With the instantly recognizable packaging, the customers get tempted to make impulse buying. Promotional Strategy Nestle has opted for a broad range of promotional strategies to market its chocolate and confectionery brand. The promotion offers the firm has used to attract more customers include free chocolate bars, particularly attached to the multi-bar family packs. Previously, the company offered free burgers as a promotional offer to increase sales of the product. Similarly, the firm has also used on-pack promotional features that allow the consumers to win prizes and cash (Reponen, 2000). The move ensures Nestls sales of chocolate and confectionery increase. The chocolates advertising concentrates in the television commercials, posters, and social media. In these media, the powerful color of the products package has pulled customers towards it. It remains the responsibility of the marketers to appeal to the consumers. In most cases, women account for about thirty percent compared to sixty percent of children. Pricing Strategy Nestle understands the significance of maintaining a strong brand image. Given the competitive market, the company embraces the flexibility of pricing strategy. Aaker and James (2000) argued that in any imperfect market situation, the producers must concentrate on the non-price competition. The pricing of chocolate and confectionery shows a real price that remains stable. Therefore, with this price stability, the company can be certain of its future revenues. Aggressive Branding Strategy The strategy has ensured the company purchases established brands and limit start-up risks and costs regarding the launching of new products. The move has ensured the firm minimizes the point-of-parity because Nestle acquires competition (Reponen, 2000). Nestle enjoys a first mover advantage by entering new segments thus make a point-of-parity to the rivals. The company will thus continue to control the market beyond the reproach as the point-of-parity remains evident. Conclusion Good Food, Good Life appears to have summarized the Nestls mission by balancing its nutrition and taste thus helping consumers to make healthier choices. The brand mantras seem designed to capture the brands uniqueness. The brand-point-of-parity is also critical in achieving the brand positioning. The paper has addressed the long-term potential of chocolate and confectioneries. References Aaker, B. James, T. (2000). Brand leadership. New York, NY: Free Press. Aaker, D. Joachimstaler, E. (2000). The brand relationship spectrum: The key to the brand architecture challenge. California Managements Review, 42(4), 8-25. Gray, N. (2012, Jun 04). Dark chocolate consumption linked with heart benefits. Confectionery News. Retrieved from https://www.confectionerynews.com/Markets/Dark-chocolate-consumption-linked-with-heart-benefits. Keller, K. (2003). Brand synthesis: Multidimensionality of brand knowledge. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(4), 595-600. KPMG. (2016). A taste of the future. Retrieved from https://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/taste-of-the-future.pdf. Nestle. (2002). The Nestle sustainability review. Retrieved from https://www.nestle.com/asset-library/documents/reports/csv%20reports/environmental%20sustainability/sustainability_review_english.pdf. Reponen, T. (2000). Management expertise for the new millennium. Turko: Turko School of Economics. Tejas, Y. R. (2014, Oct 30). Brand analysis-Nestle. Slideshare.net. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/RajaTejasYerramalli/nestle-brand-analysis-global-perspective. Van Den Bos, L. (2016, Mar 10). Nestle reimagining confectionery unit by creating brand leadership. Euromonitor International. Retrieved from https://blog.euromonitor.com/2016/03/nestle-reimagining-confectionery-unit-by-creating-brand-leadership.html. Waheeducp. (2014, Jan 2). Nest final project. Slideshare.net. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/waheeducp/nestle-final-project. Wisdom IT Services. (2016). Strategic brand management. Retrieved from https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/strategic-brand-management-tutorial-350/multi-brand-portfolios-1794/a-local-and-global-portfolio-nestl-11075.html.