Environmental factors of substance abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Natural variables of substance misuse - Essay Example Be that as it may, sadly, this alleviation in torment is just impermanent and over the long haul the propensity develops the feeling of affliction and agony than any time in recent memory. In this unique circumstance, all people who were raised in useless family conditions are vulnerable to fixation. Henceforth, the principal natural factor is the broken group of the individual. On account of Ellis, we discover that his dad use to get back alcoholic and beat up Ellis’ mother or now and then Ellis himself. This is a telling indication of confusion in the family and this is a huge ecological factor that prompts Ellis’s dependence on Heroin. The way that Ellis began exploring different avenues regarding liquor and maryjane even before arriving at his youngsters is a solid marker that he will have issues in his grown-up life. Also, sufficiently sure, two or three years after the demise of his dad, his old propensities had come to frequent him, this time as heroin dependence. It is a repetitive example with most heroin addicts that they search out medications from the get-go throughout everyday life. Late research proposes that nearby natural variables, hereditary factors additionally have a task to carry out. In any case, the agreement among specialists is that social and natural variables are a higher priority than hereditary factors in deciding the helplessness of a person to surrender to substance habit. Analysts likewise agree on the view that those with hereditary inclination to sedate maltreatment and experiencing childhood in a broken family condition run an exceptionally high danger of habit. It was additionally discovered that individuals living in vicious and uncivilized neighborhoods have a more noteworthy possibility of heroin habit. This verifiably implies the financial status is a solid natural factor in evaluating hazard for heroin misuse. The restorative ways to deal with rewarding heroin dependence have demonstrated very effective. Since the addicts built up their enslavement because of defective originations of blame, reward and

Assistive Technology and Cerebral Palsy Essays

Assistive Technology and Cerebral Palsy Essays Assistive Technology and Cerebral Palsy Paper Assistive Technology and Cerebral Palsy Paper Assistive Technology and Cerebral Palsy: Conceptual:  â â â â â â â â â â Assistive innovation has kept on impactsly affecting people with cerebral paralysis and different hindrances. This paper looks at the significant effect of this sort of innovation on cerebral paralysis patients. The motivation behind this paper is to feature these positive effects while portraying how extraordinary assistive innovation strategies work. One of the assistive innovation strategies that are talked about in this paper is augmentative specialized gadgets. Notwithstanding giving a short portrayal of different augmentative specialized gadgets, the paper examines the effect of these gadgets on understudies in the school setting.  â â â â â â â â â â Advances in walk reclamation and restoration innovation are likewise examined in this paper. When contrasted with earlier years, the paper show how propels in step reclamation produces improved outcomes for individuals with versatility weaknesses. Additionally, the paper likewise shows a portion of the demonstrated instances of recovery innovation for individuals with subjective incapacities. Presentation: Cerebral Palsy can be characterized as the absence of control of the muscles or joints in light of a physical issue that happens during mental health. This injury as a rule brings about upset composed development and much of the time influences little youngsters. Then again, cerebral paralysis can likewise be portrayed as a gathering of disarranges that typically influences engine work and fluctuating in seriousness. This kind of illness typically shows itself in different structures depending with the territory wherein it has influenced and the degree it has secured. Also, cerebral paralysis has unfavorable impacts that may prompt mental handicaps, seizures, correspondence issues, sound-related issues, visual issues just as other potential debilitations. While crippling a youngster from outset, cerebral paralysis can some of the time be delicate relying upon the area and level of the harm. Kids who experience the ill effects of this malady now and again need support so as to eat, talk or walk appropriately. Then again, a portion of the individuals experiencing this sort of infection may have slight or about imperceptible debilitations while different patients experience issues performing even the most widely recognized assignments. Assistive innovation gadgets are types of gear, stuff or administrations that not just improve the capacity of mental or physical capacity but on the other hand are intended for individuals with different disabilities. Because of the way that these gadgets improve the capacity of some psychological or physical capacity, they are utilized by the two kids and grown-ups who might be experiencing differing scope of handicaps. Effect of Assistive Technology on Cerebral Palsy Patients: The significant effect that assistive innovation gadgets have on people with cerebral paralysis is that it gives them more freedom, scope of development just as business openings. Truth be told, various types of assistive innovation help in circumstances, for example, discourse misfortune, equalization and absence of engine work among others. Not exclusively do assistive innovation gadgets help cerebral paralysis patients with these issues, yet they likewise empower the patients to live to their fullest possibilities. The significant focus on the utilization of assistive innovation gadgets in patients with cerebral paralysis is to make up for mental or physical weaknesses. Assistive innovation gadgets can likewise allow expanded versatility, correspondence and the incorporation of electronic supplies, for example, PCs into day by day life. While electronic wheelchairs are utilized to expand portability, keypads and PCs are utilized for correspondence purposes. In particular, there are different courses through which PCs and the Internet can be gotten to with assistive innovation. This incorporates the utilization of confounded checking supplies, voice identification programming, on-screen consoles and head controlled pointing gadgets. In any case, these different ways permit a patient with cerebral paralysis to utilize the innovation in like manner (â€Å"Assistive Technology† n.d.). For patients with language or discourse issues, compact or PC related machines that can represent them might be used. There are other assistive innovation gadgets that help in the everyday necessities like in utilizing TVs, radios, showers and toilets among others. Given the way that cerebral paralysis patients don't as often as possible experience hindered mental capacity, assistive innovations are hence critical for them. Truth be told, through these assistive innovations, cerebral paralysis patients can cooperate with the general public, go to class or even get a vocation. Sadly, numerous cerebral paralysis patients don't get these assistive innovations as a result of restrictive expenses. One of the key instances of the effect of assistive innovation on people with cerebral paralysis is in the school setting. Through assistive innovation, understudies with strolling and discourse issues have their electronic wheelchairs fixed or appended with PC sheets. Notwithstanding empowering these understudies to take part in important words and discourse rehearses, the electronic wheelchairs permit them to move around uninhibitedly. In this manner, assistive innovation empowers understudies with cerebral paralysis to get to quality instruction. Augmentative Communication Devices:  â â â â â â â â â â Augmentative specialized gadgets are techniques which are intended to assist patients with discourse issues to impart all the more effectively and adequately. These specialized gadgets incorporate a board with pictures that speaks to a student’s everyday life just as electronic discourse synthesizers. Notwithstanding helping impeded kids to take part in ordinary exercises with other youngsters, augmentative specialized gadgets not just assist them with feeling a feeling of self-overseeing yet in addition empowers them to understand their fantasies throughout everyday life. Notwithstanding, poor families can't manage the cost of augmentative specialized gadgets since this sort of innovation might be costly for them. There are different augmentative specialized gadgets, for example, Manual Communication Boards:  â â â â â â â â â â These are modest and commonsense mode through which an individual or understudy with cerebral paralysis can impart effectively and productively. Manual correspondence sheets are frameworks with no mechanical parts and are customized to mirror a child’s every day schedule. The sheets contain data which speaks to the user’s message. As a rule, a board producer is utilized in making a correspondence board (Kahn n.d.). Dynavox: Dynavox is another type of gadget that has been explicitly intended to help the client in transferring yield correspondence. In making data the client should choose a menu with a distinct class by contacting the screen of a PC. The classifications at that point show organizers that are like PC envelopes. The chose class gives the client a subcategory of data from which they utilize the required data. For instance, in a school setting, data identifying with the quantity of subjects, school schedule, or even the complete number of understudies in at school is shown. Dynavox specialized gadget has helped kids to adjust classifications that compared to their data. Dynavox has likewise made it workable for small kids with cerebral paralysis to get to data that is proper to their learning. Kids who can’t utilize their hands appropriately as a result of the harm of cerebral paralysis are furnished with a switch that is connected to the machine. This switch empowers them to convey effectively through pushing it with their jawline, legs or even their feet. For patients with visual incapacities, a switch is furnished with which they initiate the gadget when the suitable words or expressions are heard. In any case, dyvanox is machine that is difficult to be comprehended by moderate students and might be generally costly to certain individuals. BIGmack:  â â â â â â â â â â This is a lightweight and effectively versatile augmentative gadget that empowers messages or a progression of messages to be pre-recorded. At the point when a kid contacts the BIGmack, the pre-recorded message is played back and the kid can take part in study hall exercises if the pre-recorded data identifies with these exercises. This gadget is successful in a novel manner thinking about that the greater part of the youngsters with cerebral paralysis may every once in a while experience the ill effects of memory misfortune. Delta Talker:  â â â â â â â â â â This is an augmentative specialized gadget that takes after a PC console and can be utilized by both introductory and further developed communicators. Nonetheless, delta talker varies from the typical PC console in light of the fact that different pictures and words are consolidated to make a sentence rather than the composition of words and sentences. Outstandingly, delta talker can create in excess of 4,000 words, expressions and sounds since it involves pictures and word keys just as letters of the letters in order. Effect of Augmentative Communication Devices: As PC innovation keeps on progressing taking into consideration all the more remarkable and simple to utilize structures, augmentative specialized gadgets are making immense steps. The effect of augmentative specialized gadgets on understudies in the school setting is that it empowers understudies with cerebral paralysis to get to quality instruction paying little mind to their inabilities. These gadgets empower these understudies to get quality training simply like different understudies. Different augmentative gadgets give compelling techniques for correspondence between the understudies with their instructors. For instance, dyvanox has improved the manner by which data is passed on especially to those that are antagonistically influenced with cerebral paralysis. Then again, board producers have so far been iden

Why Leadership (guest post)

Why Leadership (guest post) This week, I spent four days and three night at the Salvation Army Wonderland Camp and Conference Center in Sharon, MA for the MIT LeaderShape program. As a studentâ€"at MIT or anywhere elseâ€"it can be easy to lose yourself in a flurry of work and deadlines, postponing and forgetting about the big dreams that brought you to campus in the first place. LeaderShape breaks you out of your daily routine and gives you a hard shake by the shoulders. It asks you to look into yourself and think deeply about who you are, what you want, and how you hope to get there. Now I realize the importance of taking time periodically to think about my vision of the ideal world and consider how Im taking steps (however small) in the right direction. And Ive learned that leadership isnt just about charisma or speaking loudly or attracting a band of followersâ€"its about understanding what you hope to achieve and building on your vision with concrete goals and actions. Its about taking on causes where you are 100% invested, acting according to your values, and letting your energy inspire others. My friend (and one of my favorite people) Caroline M. 18 wrote the following about her experience and the insights she gained, and I think she does the program justice better than I ever could. Even if you dont end up at MIT, LeaderShape programs take place at many schools, and even if you never end up participating in the program, I hope you remember not to lose sight of your biggest dreams and your potential in making them come true. “You have no right to be shy, when you have a gift to give.” My roommate Olga said this to me in our room after my rendition of Martin Luther King Jr’s “I have a Dream” speech. Fittingly, I gave the speech on MLK Day, in front of our cohort of 40+ undergrads, grads, Executive MBAs, MIT faculty, staff, and admins at Leadershape, a 4 day off-campus leadership program that ended on Wednesday night. By the time I walked off the small stage and got back to my seat, everyone was standing and clapping, and all I felt was overwhelming gratitude in the form of tears coming from my face. Overwhelmed at my desire for his dream to be the world today, overwhelmed by the feeling that I had just given something very deep from inside me to everyone in the room. and overwhelmed at the power of my voice that I was once again reminded of. It feels like it’s been at least 2 weeks since I left MIT on Sunday morning. Because before this experience, I may not have asked to interrupt our program to give this speech. Because I might have sat back and waited for an opportunity that wouldn’t have come, to read what I was so burning to sing. Because I would not have known that I could and do inspire others in a way I don’t even fully understand. “You have no right to be shy, when you have a gift to give.” These words have echoed in my heart since then?â€"?every time my voice fades a little bit in timidity, every time I second-guess whether I’m saying the right thing, and every time I pretend that I don’t have this responsibility through the privileges that I’ve had. For the past three years, I’ve heard about this program and not done it. Now, as a senior, with all the gas to go somewhere and no vehicle, I was open to just about anything that would help clarify my post-graduation vision. In addition to the usual undergrads who sign up and the facilitators from the MIT staff, this was the first year that the program was also open to grad students, mothers who are also senior executives, mid-career entrepreneurs, the list goes on. The undergrads were mostly freshmen and sophomores, with a handful of us juniors and seniors. All from all corners of the world and across the country. I got to see leadership in its earliest to its latest stages, and across the board, it’s really something else. Being a leader can be holding the weight of struggle and frustration in a compassionate, fatherly way. It can be the feeling that one is a vast lake in the middle of a forest, undisturbed, with the capacity to hold so much life at once. It can be the kind of quiet that invites one into another’s home and says, stay. be. It is when someone holds my shoulder in the way that says, I believe in you?â€"?unconditionally. It is when he says, let’s go play Foosball, when you know that all he sees is thunderclouds above your mind. It is when she sits across from you and says your skill is a blessing and you only have up to go, even though you feel so lost. It is when he says take it easy, forgive yourself, and see others come to you. It is when she sits, listening to your vision and being in possibility with you. Leadership is this beautiful bridge that we weave with each other, that allows us to cross into each other and bring us to places we never thought we could be. It braces us in uncertainty, and it embraces us in a love that only helps us grow and move forward on our universal journey. We asked ourselves and each other, what issues and communities are most important to you? what would the future look like in my vision? what makes me want to bring my full self to the table? We looked deeper. why do you have this vision? why do you see this as necessary? why would this benefit us? And we searched. how do we impact others? how do my core values show up in my actions? how can we go against our default to become better? We were all re-discovering what originally brought us to MIT and why IHTFP. We learned about our own leadership styles?â€"?what combinations of direct, quick, inspiring, positive, appreciative, consistent, and accurate we embody and how we can learn to work with our own and others’ styles of being. Honestly, I don’t remember most of what we covered in the curriculum, but I do remember how our group facilitators sat with us at lunch, how Deans of DSL and MIT psychiatrists shed their roles and shared their best selves, as individuals who connected with us as individuals, each finding our own way. I remember how they shared their visions of an MIT where students feel better-prepared to deal with failure, where they come together in conversation within a space that feels like MIT community?â€"?I remember how my heart lurched forward wanting this to be true. I remember how our co-lead?â€"?the vice president of MIT?â€"?told us about his Iowa roots in his Eddie Bauer button-down and jeans and committed to learn with us together as he shared his hope for MIT to be pervasive and synonymous with “problem-solving”. I remember having late, late night conversations about the day’s confusing and sometimes frustrating simulations and challenges?â€"?and then learning how to swing dance and waltz from a new friend committed to improving mental health in our community. Leadership is a moment of helping each other live?â€"?in this life that constantly contradicts, changes, and challenges us. It’s helping each other realize this fundamental shared experience, and thereby breaking barriers, allowing us to be authentic, vulnerable, and real. Whether it’s motivated by a mission to serve and create a better world by providing universal access to internet, end homophobia in China, provide a STEM program to South Chicago youth, or bring the economics department together, I increasingly see leadership not as an elusive, ‘other’ quality that some people have but as a universal possibility for all. Leadership is the courage to take on the responsibility that comes with knowing you can make the difference for others. I wish I had gone through this program earlier?â€"?and then again when they introduced this year’s incredible diversity. Having spent the past two years in leadership roles, I could have benefited so much from the lessons of the program. I needed to know that I am the only one responsible for my own growth as a leader, and I need to seek out those opportunities rather than hope that someone else might take the time to help point out my growth edges. Given that time spent as a student is so precious and short, learning these lessons earlier would’ve made me much more effective and could’ve potentially helped me make an even bigger impact in the areas I care deeply about?â€"?mental health and political engagement. As in life, the curriculum is there, but it’s the individuals who bring the energy and truly give the program life. Institutions, technology, and spaces?â€"?they all exist on their own, but they are nothing without the stories and utterly unique richness of the individuals that fill and use them. I ruled out Leadershape in the past, thinking I wouldn’t gain much from the curriculum that I couldn’t from experience. Now, having gone through it, I understand and appreciate that the curriculum is there to give structure and space?â€"?elevating the individuals who bring their own challenges and points in their journeys of leadership so that we can love and learn from one another. Shoshin?â€"?“beginner’s heart,” a kind of open-mindedness, wonder, and discovery that bottomlessly feeds a love of learning?â€"?is what pushes me over the edge between thinking “I know this already; what could I learn?” and “I think I know this already, and this is ESPECIALLY why I need to continue intentionally learning.” Every day, people would take the time to share how we each could be a more effective leader and share things that are rarely said to one another for fear of offense. But this was a space where that was okay, where it was received and intentional. This program is the first of its kind to truly bring out the best of the MIT community, together. Members across schools, living groups, offices, and departments are all brought together with one purpose: to model and improve community. In Leadershape’s 20 years, it’s produced Khan Academy, the minor program, UPOP?â€"?all fundamental to MIT culture. And I believe that in this first year of cross-school unification, this will be the program where revolutionary, innovative ideas fundamental to the MIT experience and culture will be born, bringing new possibility to the world. For me, this program has helped me begin lifelong friendships that I cherish dearlyâ€" parents who helped me reframe my relationship to my own, Air Force members who show me how it’s possible to lead with emotion and authority?â€"?as well as find mentors who are invested in me as a person, as a leader. They have helped me realize the possibility of practicing everyday self-compassion, because I am a unique, wonderful person with a lot to offer this world. And I owe it to them, this program, and the people who brought this opportunity together?â€"?from the staff at the Salvation Army Camp Wonderland grounds to the people at SAO who never knew what kind of impact this would have on our lives when they put in the work to make it happen. These 4 days gave me a space away from being my usual self and allowed me to experiment and explore who I could be, so when I return I can continue exploring even when it feels less “safe.” I will keep holding myself to the commitment that I must use these gifts given to me by this world, by my parents, by all the friendships I’ve had, by this MIT education and network. I will keep taking risks to explore what is possible for myself, for others?â€"?because I can. More important than any change I hope to bring to others, I need to first embody that change and live by example. Because who I am is all I have, and I will be sharing it to the fullest. I have no right to be shy, when I have a gift to give. Thank you. â€" To Leadershape 2018, and the lifelong friendships I have just started. ? â€" MIT LeaderShape 2018. This post was originally published on Medium. Post Tagged #LeaderShape

The Bombing Of The Islamic Government Of Iran - 889 Words

From the recent massacres happening in Iraq and Syria, we can gather that Washington has trampled on a path which has been seen as a way to redefine the war in Iraq, an effective scheme to bring the command of Assad to its crumbling demises and to recalibrate an inclusive plan to collapse the Islamic Government of Iran. Immediately coinciding with the withdrawal of US forces from Iraq, an organized string of deadly explosions gripped Iraq, leading to the massacre of dozens of civilians. Multiple bomb explosions happening simultaneously in Baghdad, claiming the lives of countless innocent civilians. Another series of explosions targeted Shia Muslims killing at least 71 people. Most of the explosions which targeted the Shia Muslims are maliciously meant to inspire the feeling and doubt that it is a matter of sectarian violence, a plot devised by the US and its allies to justify that the Iraqi politicians are intent to provoke a communal bloodletting which is gradually tearing the cou ntry apart. Washington began to capitalize on tension in the country and playing the religious card on one hand and sending a message that Iraq is not capable of maintaining security and stability in the country on the other. As the situation stands, Washington is redefining the war in Iraq by provoking chaos and commotion in the ravaged country with three apparent motivations.. One, to create the impression that the withdrawal of US troops was a mistake and that the country is diving intoShow MoreRelatedWar in Iraq Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pagescontinually sent troops overseas to the Middle East, but why? The government has said that it is to fight terrorism or to bring democracy to the Middle Eastern nations. There happens to be a barrier that stands in the way of both those goals and that would be Islamic Fundamentalism. Islamic Fundamentalism is the term used to describe the religious ideologies of advocating a return to the â€Å"fundamentals† of Islam. Through this return to the Islamic fundamentals, the rights of women have been violated whileRead MoreThe, The Party For God Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesHezbollah To some Hezbollah, the â€Å"Party for God†, is a political group fighting for nationalism and to others, particularly western cultures; Hezbollah is a very dangerous terrorist organization. Hezbollah is a Shiite Muslim group based in Iran and Southern Lebanon. They have an extensive network that crosses international borders and consists of everything from schools and hospitals to a television station. Hezbollah was formed following the 1979 Iranian Revolution. In the early ‘80s, there wereRead MoreStudy of Extreme Islamic Terrorist Groups1858 Words   |  7 PagesStudy of Extreme Islamic Terrorist Groups Terrorist groups have been involved in political violence dating back to the Greek and Roman Empires. Terrorist Groups have used violence, and terror to seek political change. In the thirteen and fourteenth century, Italy was very volatile. The government went through many changes the use of violence and force was used to terrorize the opponents. In the Age of Revolutions, Muslims began practicing the form of the suicide attacker. The attacks occurred inRead MoreThe History of the Terrorist Group Hamas Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom creating a Islamic state to continuing the armed struggle against Israeli occupation of Palestine territories. Their acts of terrorism to date have included suicide bomb attacks against Israeli civilians to attacks on suspected Palestinian collaborators. 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Similarly, the rhetoric as argued by Middle East hmm bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbeye journalist and Director of Communications for the American Iranian Council argues, â€Å"Islamic Republic’s leaders must reconcile their revolutionary anti-AmericanismRead MoreThe Release Of Frozen Assets1228 Words   |  5 PagesFrozen Assets One of the key elements of the Iran Nuclear Deal is the lifting of sanctions against Iran by America and the European Union. These sanctions have been imposed over the years following the Iranian Revolution and Iran s pursuit of nuclear weapons. The amount of assets frozen in foreign banks is approximately $150 billion - a large number will go to preexisting debt. According to Kertscher, 2016, â€Å"Kerry had told CNBC s â€Å"Squawk Box† that Iran would get only $55 billion of the $150 billionRead MoreMiddle Eastern And African Terrorist Movements1414 Words   |  6 Pagesalienation, providing recruits to the cause of terrorist groups. Boko Haram and group s leader is Abubakar Shekau have long been thought to have alleged links to al-Qaeda, but in March 2015, it announced its allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) also known as Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (isis) and its leader Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi. In the local Hausa dialect, Boko Haram means Western education is forbidden(CNN). The group also refers to itself as Jama atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda awatiRead MoreThe United States And The Iranian Revolution1705 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, this was changed by the knowledge that one of the 9/11 attackers had overstayed in the U.S. on a student visa (Mittelstadt, Speaker, Meissner, Christi, 2011). A process was already in the pipeline: started after the first World Trade Center bombing in 1993, where one of the bombers was also found to be in the U.S on an expired student’s visa; however, the process sped up after 9/11. In seeking a method to prevent the reoccurrence of international students’ involvement in any such future actsRead MoreIranian Revolution and Comic Book Persepolis1136 Words   |  5 PagesThe memoir of Marjane Satrapi growing up in Iran is written as a very personal account in the comic book Persepolis. This is a story that describes her life during the Islamic Revolution which includes her moral, physical, religious, and psychological struggles she endured. Being the setting of a bloody war with Iraq, Iran was not the ideal environment Marjane’s parents wanted her to grow up in. Persepolis represents a unique life of a child in Tehran, Iran and the actions she took in order to surviveRead MoreThe Challenges Of The Kuwait Diplomacy1719 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen a struggle of power within the middle east, and particularly between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Amongst the nations in the Arabian Peninsula, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has always been at the most power and influential country. Saudi Arabia and Iran were always polar opposites of each other. When Saudi Arabia first produced its oil, it saw its economy benefit and heighten much more than Iran could do with its oil reserves. Oil was one of the major element with Saudi Arabia and its neighboring

Fruit And Vegetable Intake Amongst Children - 2198 Words

Amanda Suzzi Eubanks and Goldstein 201501-ISC205-G: Honors Coll-Current Events 30 March 2015 Cultivating Success - RD Fruit and vegetable intake amongst children is inadequate. Improving children’s desire to taste vegetables is thought to be the first step in developing healthier consumption patterns. When children grow food themselves, it increases access to vegetables and decreases children’s reluctance to try new foods. Even though a historical lack of funding has impeded the adoption of school gardens, edible education encourages students in healthy nutrition by promoting an appreciation of growing fresh vegetables which encourages students to replace junk food from their diets and maintain a healthy lifestyle. History School gardens†¦show more content†¦Gardening quickly gained momentum during first years of the twentieth century. The United States Department of Agriculture estimated that there were more than 75,000 school gardens by 1906. During both world wars, the United States Federal Bureau of Education encouraged youth to help the country through the Victory Garden programs and the United States School Garden Army. The tagline for the U.S. government’s youth gardening program in World War I was, â€Å"A Garden for Every Child. Every Child in a Garden.† During World War II, Vice President Henry Wallace said â€Å"On a foundation of good food we can build anything. Without it we can build nothing.† Then, interest waned because of the nation s drift towards a focus on technology. Throughout the past 75 years, there have been some movements to bring back the school garden, but none as vigorous as the period of intense growth that began in the early 1990s with the Edible Schoolyard in Berkley, California, spearheaded by Alice Waters and is driving youth gardening today. Background According to Susan Krebs-Smith, few children in the US appear to meet federal guidelines for daily consumption of fruits and vegetables. Researchers evaluated three days worth of food intake for children in the US. Nearly one quarter of all vegetables consumed by children and adolescents were french fries. Their intakes of all fruits and of dark green and/or deep yellow vegetables were very low compared with recommendations. Only 1 in

Constitutional Reform of 1997 in United Kingdom Free Essays

The UK constitution has a modaretely successful history, it is highly tradition and has stood the test of time and, based on the fact that Britain has never suffered a violent revolution unlike France, we can therefore assume that the UK constitution has many beneficial and enduring strengths. Our constitution ensures that Parliament, and therefore Government, can act quickly and decisively as they are unrestricted by excessive constitutional constraints. It is flexible and adaptable which clearly shows thorugh after the 2010 general elections. We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutional Reform of 1997 in United Kingdom or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the lack of restraints on the powers of Government and Parliament may be dangerous especially to minority and invidual rights. There have also been many doubts about this traditional constitution and many questions have been raised to do with the Monarchy and outdated institutions such as the FPTP system. The lack of separation of powers between Government and Parliament means that Government tends to dominate which in many eyes is seen as undemocratic. The first constitutional reform was to do with devolution; Scotland Act of 1998, Wales Act of 199 and the Belfast Agreement of 1998. The original nature of this reform was so that considerable powers were transferred to the devolved representative bodies and executives. Labour wanted to bring about this change due to the fact that they were hugely popular in Wales and Scotland and so the Acts were a means of thanking them for their support. This reform has been believed to be long overdue and has been very beneficial and have given each body the right to have more control over their region however it has caused a bigger rift of the UK and therefore has separated Britain even more. The second reform was the Human Rights Act of 1998. This reform has been extremely beneficial for minority and invididual rights, which has been reflected most recently in the Abu Qatada case where a man who had made terrorist plans has been saved from deportation to Jordan, where he would have most likely been prosecuted for his actions. The European Convention on Human Rights made this Act binding on all public bodies but the UK Parliament due to Parliament being sovereign. Although this act has been beneficial, it would have had more impact should it have been binding on Parliament. Another reform was the House of Lords ; the House Of Lords Act of 1999. Most of the hereditary peers lost their voting rights and there was a major cut down in the number of hereditary peers as it was lowered down to just 92. There was also a decision to separate the Judges from the Lords ( Constitutional Reform Act of 2005) and move them into a seperate building across the road. It is believed to be a moderate decision which has limited the powers of the Lords as many believed there should not be any hereditary peers. In fact a proposal has been put forward for a whole new house to be created. There were 3 other major changes introduced : Greater London Authority Act 1999, Local Government Act 1999 and Freedom Of Information Act 2000. The first established an elected mayor in London with an elected assembly to which s/he is accountable for, the second allowed for local communities to elect a mayor if approved by a local referendum and the third gave the citizens the right to view documents and records of public bodies. Each of these has helped to reinforce democracy within the UK and helped to protect the rights of each citizen by ensuring they are more politically involved and have the right to appoint and elect candidates for powerful positions. How to cite Constitutional Reform of 1997 in United Kingdom, Papers

Voss Essay Example

Voss Essay VOSS Bottled Water Voss Inc. is a company established in 1999 which bottles and distributes Artesan water. The source of this water is a pristine aquifer in South Norway. It is packaged in a uniquely designed and patented cylindrical shaped glass bottle and sold at a premium price. Some of the Hollywood actors and celebrities have been spotted using this premium bottled water. Its close competitors are Fiji and Perrier who offer pure water at a premium price. Differentiation Based Strategy The founders of Voss, Christian Sandberg and Chris Harlem, recognized enormous potential for ultra premium bottled water from Norway after doing an extensive around the world research. Artesan water is the most purest form of water available and thus used as a unique value proposition to target the ultra premium segment. Differentiation point 1 : Purest Water It is recognised as the purest form of water by FDA and has recorded the lowest TDS of any bottled water ever tested by FDA. So, in a way it is a unctional product that is uniquely different from any other product in the market. Differentiation point 2 : Unique and patented packaging – Luxury Image According to a study, in the ultra premium bottled water segment, when people buy water it is for image and not just water. Voss roped in Calvin Klein’s former creative director Neil Kraft to design the packaging. He came out with a sleek cylindrically designed glass bottle when everybody else was offering plastic bottle s in traditional bottle shapes. The design was later patented by Voss. We will write a custom essay sample on Voss specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Voss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Voss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Voss, through its product offering, provides a unique value (purest water and image of Luxury /Exclusivity) which other competitors were not able to offer in the ultra premium segment. Value Creation and Delivery (Mechanisms) Value 1 Product offering : Purest water drawn from Artesan well in pristine South Norway. No human intervention. The water is drawn from an aquifer by pressurizing the impermeable layer of rock and ice without the use of mechanical pumps. Product Quality and consistency is unquestionable since no mechanical/manual process is required to purify water. Customer is always certain to get purest water when they buy VOSS. Value 2 – Luxury Image/Exclusivity : It is a market driving product. The strategy is to create exclusivity and associate luxury with the product. This is achieved by aligning all the marketing processes in a way that this value of luxury and exclusivity is delivered effectively. Price – Ultra premium pricing helps in targeting the right segment i. e. rich and affluent (exclusivity). Patented Designer Glass bottle – Unique packaging gives it an edge over others and helps in positioning and targeting the ultra premium segment Controlled Supply Sold almost exclusively through high-end hotels, restaurants, clubs and speciality stores (VOSS Red PET bottle). Voss‘s exclusivity is derived from the fact that Voss is served on the tables of the finest restaurant and lounges in the rooms of the most luxurious hotels and beachside at the trendiest resorts around the world. Voss is not available at retail outlets like 7-11 or corner convenience stores. Promotions – No discounts or giveaways to maintain its brand image of luxury. Advertisements Heavily relies on PR activities and viral promotion which further reinforces its positioning of unique brand. It does not engage in run of the mill advertising like other water companies and stays away from the crowd. Associations with Ultra premium brand ambassadors like Madonna, George Clooney, Lindsay Lohan are used as promotional activities. The product offering as well as the aura of exclusivity/luxury gives customer a feeling of pride to consume Voss water and pay a premium price for the same. Key Resources that create value Source of Water : The source of water in Norway is a unique and sustainable resource in itself. Target Segment : Targeting the ultra premium segment is a key to the strategy as the product has most value to this segment. The competition in this segment is not as intense as it is in the bigger mass market. This means less investment in promotions / discounts / advertisements. This is a sustainable strategy as this segment will always value a quality product that gives them image value as well. Distribution Channels : Controlled distribution follows from its strategy of targeting. By availing its product in upscale restaurant / bars / peciality stores gives them advantages as under: 1. Signals that it is not part of the crowd (mass market) 2. Developing strong relationship with the premium restaurants and bars 3. Helps in controlling the price Bottle design: They have a first mover advantage in introducing a patented designer bottle in the market. This is patented and hence cannot be copied. Advertisement/promotions/brand associations: No TV advt. and no discounts. Brand associat ions and viral campiagns are a very important part of the strategy and that is the only promotion method that VOSS uses. Run of the mill advt. will put in the same league as other bottled waters in the market. Strategic Alignment: It is critical to note that the strategic alignment of all elements of strategy is what makes the marketing strategy of VOSS extremely successful. The strategy driven by differentiation (purest water and associating it with image – great design) is ably support by targeting/segmentation of premium segment. This combined with premium pricing and controlled supply helps in positioning. This then followed up with appropriate promotional strategy makes their mkt strategy work. This alignment gives them a distinct advantage which is sustainable and difficult to copy. As rightly pointed out in Business strategy, the competitive advantage emanates from management of the core resources of the firm and VOSS seems to be doing it pretty well. Opportunities and Challenges Growth is one of the biggest challenge for VOSS as the ultra premium segment is not a very fast growing segment. Some options for growth are :- Expand internationally in Emerging markets : The ultra rich segment is growing very rapidly in emerging economies like India and China. It may be a good opportunity for VOSS to enter these markets. Though there are challenges of imitation and localisation. Also, will that mean that it will affect its brand as may be people may start doubting its exclusivity? Enter the lower end of market : This is a tricky one. This is the fastest growing and biggest segment of the market. However, capturing this means going against its core segment and strategy. Though it may choose to develop its separate brand (VOSS Red) and push it in the Retail channel. However, before doing that it has to do a proper study and research on whether this will impact its premium brand (VOSS silver) or not. Flavoured Water : This is another option where it can do product enhancements and enter the flavoured water market. However, this may put it in the same league as other flavoured waters (no differentiation point-cannot claim it as purest flavoured water) Whatever is done, one thing is for sure that it is very difficult for VOSS to deviate from its core strategy of superior product offering which right now sets it apart.